Which ethical framework focuses on personal interests?

The correct answer is ethical egoism because this framework emphasizes actions that are in one's own best interest. According to ethical egoism, individuals should prioritize their own well-being and benefit when making decisions, suggesting that it is moral to act in ways that serve one's own interests. This perspective is grounded in the idea that individuals are best positioned to know what is best for themselves, and as such, pursuing personal interests is not just acceptable but ethical.

In contrast, utilitarianism focuses on the greatest good for the greatest number, looking at the overall happiness or consequences of actions rather than personal interest. The justice-based approach emphasizes fairness and equality in distribution and treatment, rather than individual benefits. Rights-based ethics value the protection of individual rights, again not centering on self-interest but rather on the duties and obligations owed to individuals. Each of these frameworks operates differently, defining ethical behavior through lenses that consider the broader implications on society, fairness, or rights, rather than personal gain.